Chapter 6: Special Notices
Special notices are an important feature of professional technical writing:
they highlight special information readers need to know to understand what
they are reading, to accomplish what they want to do, to prevent damage to
equipment, and to keep from hurting themselves or others.
Your task in this chapter is to learn the different types of special
notices, their uses, and format.
Guidelines for Specific Types of Notices
In this chapter, and in this course, we use a specific style of
notices. This style is standard, required format in this course. If you
want to use a different style, discuss this with your
instructor. Otherwise, follow these guidelines in planning and designing
special notices-they are your "specs"!
- Use special notices to emphasize key points or warn or caution readers
about damage or injury.
- Be careful to use the types of special notices precisely, for their
defined purposes. Use the four types of special notices in the following
ways:
Note--To emphasize points or remind readers of something, or to
indicate minor problems in the outcome of what they are
doing.
Warning--To warn readers about possible damage to equipment or data
or about potential problems in the outcome of what they are doing.
Caution--To warn readers about the possibility of minor injury to
themselves or others.
Danger--To warn readers about the possibility of serious or fatal
injury to themselves or others.
Deciding on which type of notice to use is not an exact science. Don't use
a danger notice when a caution is more appropriate (the same as
"crying wolf"). Also, use notices in a consistent way throughout
a report. Do not create your own notices, such as putting
"Important:" in place of "Warning."
- Place special notices at the point in text where they are needed. For
example, place a warning notice before discussing a step in which readers
might hurt themselves.
- Avoid having too many special notices at any one point in the
text. Otherwise, the effectiveness of their special format will be
lost. (If you have too many, combine them.)
- With warnings, cautions, and danger notices, explain the consequences
of not paying attention to the notice. State what will happen if the reader
does not heed the notice.
- The following examples use bold. If you have no access to bold, use
underlines instead (but don't use both together). Avoid all-caps for the
text of any special notice.
Format for Special Notices
Use the following for specific details on the capitalization, typography
(bold, underlining, different fonts, different types sizes), and spacing
for each type of special notice.
Note
Use the following format for simple notes:
- Type the word "Note" followed by a colon. (Underline the
word, or use bold if you have it.)
- Begin typing the text of the note two spaces after the colon. (But
don't put the text of the note in bold.)
- Singlespace within the text of the note; skip two lines above and below
the note.
- Start run-over lines on the regular left margin.
- Align the note with the text to which it refers (as illustrated in the
second example).
Figure 6-1. Example of a simple note
Figure 6-2. Example of a note within a bulleted
list (not regular running text). This same principle (that special notices
align to the text they refer to) applies to the other types of special
notices as well.
Notes
Use the following format for multiple notes:
- Type the word "Notes" followed by a colon. (Underline the
word, or use bold if you have it.)
- Use a numbered list for the individual notes; in it, follow the rules
for numbered lists. (Do not use bold for the individual notes.)
- Align the notes with the text to which the refer; skip two lines above
and below the notes.
- Use this format when you have so many notes that they would distracting
to present individually.
Figure 6-3. Example of a multiple note. Use this
format if you have lots of notes and want to collect them all in one place
to prevent distraction.
Warning
Use the following format for warnings:
- Type the word "Warning" followed by a colon. (Underline the
word, or use bold if you have it.)
- Begin the text of the warning two spaces after the colon (but don't use
bold for the text of the warning).
- Singlespace the text of the warning; skip two lines above and below the
notes.
- Use the first letter of the text of the warning (not the label
"Warning:") as the left margin.
- Align the warning notice with the text it refers to (see Figure 6-2
where a note occurs within a bulleted list).
Figure 6-4. Example of a warning notice. Use these
to alert readers of possible damage to equipment or problems with the
procedure.
Caution
Use the following format for caution notices:
- Type the word "Caution" followed by a colon. (Underline the
word, or use bold if you have it.)
- Skip a line and then type the text of the caution notice on the regular
left margin. For the text of the caution notice, use bold if you have it.
- Align the caution notice with the text it refers to.
- Singlespace the text of the caution notice; skip two lines above and
below the caution notice.
Figure 6-5. Example of a caution notice. Use this
one to alert readers to the possibility of minor injury.
Danger
Use the following format for danger notices:
- Type the word "DANGER" in all-caps. (Underline it, or use bold.)
- Align the danger notice with the text it refers to.
- Singlespace the text of the danger notice; skip two lines above and below the
danger notice.
- Use bold on the text of the danger notice if you have it (but never all-caps).
- If you have graphics capability, draw a box around the danger notice
(including the label).
Figure 6-6. Danger notice. Use this one to alert
readers of the possibility of serious injury or fatality.
Other Formatting Issues
Here are some additional points to consider concerning special notices.
Special Alignment. Special notices must align to the text to which
they refer. For example, if you have a note that adds some special detail
to something in a bulleted list item, you must align that note to the
text of the bulleted item. Of course, if the note follows a bulleted
list but refers to the whole list, then you can use the regular left
margin.
Singlespaced Text. All of the examples and discussion in this unit
are based on doublespaced text. For singlespaced text, use your
document-design "eye" to decide on spacing. Leave either one or
two blank lines between running text and special notices-depending on what
looks best to you. (And of course both running text and the text of the
special notices would be singlespaced.)
Placement of Special Notices. The standard rule is to place special
notices before the point at which they are relevant. For example,
you warn readers to back up all data before you tell them to
reformat their hard drive. However, in practice this applies to serious
special notices where great harm to data, equipment, or people is likely to
ensue.
One technique used by very cautious writers (maybe those who have been
burned) is to place all serious notices (warnings, cautions, and dangers)
somewhere at the beginning of the document, and then repeat them
individually where they apply.
Designing Your Own Notices. The format of the notices shown here is
by no means universal. And while there is agreement on the gradation of
special notices (from special point to potential fatality), there is no
agreement on what to call each one. For some, the meanings of warning and
caution are reversed (although my suspicion is that the word
"caution" derives from the Latin cautere, which means to
cut-suggesting minor injury).
The key though is to decide on a naming and formatting style and stick
to it. Readers get into the habit of responding certain ways to words
and format. Don't confuse them! And don't complicate matters by creating
new types of notices such as "Important" or "Please
read!" and other such weirdness.
The special notices shown here are designed on the principle of increasing
noticeability. You're likely to notice the note-type special notice, but
how can you miss the danger notice? If you want to design your own special
notices, check with your instructor.
Return to the table of contents for the TCM1603 Course Guide
(the online textbook for Austin Community College's online
technical writing course).
This information is owned and maintained by David A. McMurrey. For
information on use, customization, or copies, e-mail
davidm@austin.cc.tx.us or call (512) 476-4949.